German 6th Army
On June 22, 1941, Germany launched Operation Barbarossa and over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 kilometer front (1800 miles) extending from the Baltic coast to the Black Sea, initiating nearly 4 years of the most savage and brutal warfare humanity ever experienced. For the invasion, Hitler chose the same armies and commanders which had swept through the Low Countries and France a year earlier, and under their command the soldiers of the Wehrmacht rolled triumphantly across the Russian steppe just as they have smashed into France, seemingly invincible.
Caught by surprise, the bulk of the Russian Air Forces were destroyed on the ground. The Red Army fell back in disorder, surrendered in wholesale numbers, or died in an hopeless attempt to halt the German advance.
Western military experts gave the Russians 6 to 8 weeks at the most, before suffering total military disaster at the hands of the Germans.
One of the elite forces of the Wehrmacht, the 6th Army began its involvement in the Russian Campaign as the spearhead of Army Group South under the command of Von Reichenau, but after he died following a heart attack in January 1942, command was given to his former chief of staff, General der Panzertruppen Friedrich Paulus. Paulus led the 6th Army to a major victory at the Second Battle of Kharkov during the spring of 1942. This victory sealed the 6th Army's destiny because it was selected by the OKH (OberKommando des Heeres - Germany's Army High Command) for the attack on Stalingrad.
"Troops without ammunition or food… Effective command no longer possible… Further defense senseless. Collapse inevitable. Army requests immediate permission to surrender in order to save lives of remaining troops."
- Field Marshall Paulus, Commander of the 6th Army ( message to Hitler about the situation at Stalingrad)
"Surrender is forbidden. Sixth Army will hold their positions to the last man and the last round and by their heroic endurance will make an unforgettable contribution toward the establishment of a defensive front and the salvation of the Western world."
- Adolf Hitler, Nazi Dictator (replying to Paulus' request for surrender at Stalingrad)
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